Man, the Cyborg
Although the mention of tools as extensions of man goes back all the way to Aristotle, one can credit Ernst Kapp as the first who clearly expressed the notion of technology as "organ projections".
Even though McLuhan can certainly be credited with popularizing the notion that tools are the "extensions of man" Kapp spoke of language as an extension of man a century earlier.
He developed the theory that tools and weapons are different kinds of "organ projections" such as the railroad as an externalization of the circulatory system and the telegraph as an extension of the nervous system.
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